17 July 1998: The Commission adopted its code of practice on the implementation of equal pay for women and men for work of equal value.This latest action plan has followed a series of developments at EU level on the topic of equal pay. Publication: Addressing the gender pay gap: Government and social partner actions.Nevertheless, wide variations remain between the Member States, ranging from a gender pay gap of 3.5% in Romania to one of over 25.6% in Estonia. EUR-Lex: Action Plan 2017-2019 Tackling the gender pay gapĭespite all the efforts of the EU and of individual Member States over past decades, most recent Eurostat figures (2017) put the gender pay gap at 16.0% on average in the EU, an improvement on the 17.1% recorded for 2010 and even on the 16.3% for 2016.The EU Action Plan 2017–2019 ‘Tackling the gender pay gap’ has identified eight main strands of action with a general aim of improving the application of the equal pay principle. EUR-Lex: Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.It has since become the basis for numerous other claims made before national courts and referrals to the CJEU. that pay for work at time rates must be the same for the same job.Īrticle 157 was held to have direct effect by the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Gabrielle Defrenne v.that pay for the same work at piece rates must be calculated on the basis of the same unit of measurement.EUR-Lex: Council Directive 75/117/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the application of the principle of equal pay for women and menĪrticle 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (originally Article 119 EC of the Treaty of Rome) includes an explicit commitment to equal pay for women and men, stating that equal pay without discrimination based on sex means:.The principle of equal pay for equal work was included in the Treaties of Rome in 1957, demonstrating that this principle is fundamental to European integration. In particular, where a job classification system is used for determining pay, it must be based on the same criteria for both men and women and drawn up so as to exclude any discrimination on the grounds of sex (Article 1). Given evidence that even (m + n) holds, we ought also to be able to take that as evidence that even (n + m) holds.Agda includes special notation to support just this kind of reasoning, the rewrite notation we encountered earlier.The principle of equal pay is defined as the elimination of all discrimination on the grounds of sex with regard to all aspects and conditions of remuneration for the same work or for work of equal value, as defined in the Equal Pay Directive (Council Directive 75/117/EEC). In the previous section, we proved addition is commutative. EqualityWe declare equality as follows: data _≡_ → even n - → odd ( suc n ) Since we define equality here, any import would create a conflict. Every chapter in this book, and nearly every module in the Agda standard library, imports equality. So far we have treated equality as a primitive, here we show how to define it as an inductive datatype. Given two terms M and N, both of type A, we write M ≡ N to assert that M and N are interchangeable. Much of our reasoning has involved equality.
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